Cushings triad is a sign of increased intracranial pressure. Which of the following is part of the triad?

• A. Tachycardia
• B. Hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respirations
• C. Widened pulse pressure only
• D. Hypotension

Answer: (B)

Cushing's triad reflects a brainstem-mediated response to rising intracranial pressure. When ICP increases, the body raises blood pressure to maintain cerebral perfusion, often presenting as hypertension (with a widened pulse pressure). The brainstem irritation then triggers reflex bradycardia, and respiratory centers become irregular, leading to abnormal breathing patterns. The combination of high blood pressure, slowed heart rate, and irregular respirations is the classic sign, indicating significant intracranial distress. Tachycardia or hypotension do not fit this pattern, and a single feature like widened pulse pressure alone isn’t the full triad. Recognizing this late sign is critical and calls for urgent neuro assessment and stabilization.