Placenta previa is best described as a placenta forming in an abnormal location that blocks normal delivery of the fetus and can cause prebirth bleeding. Which option lists this condition?

• A. Placental abruption
• B. Eclampsia
• C. Preeclampsia
• D. Placenta previa

Answer: (D)

Placenta previa occurs when the placenta implants in the lower portion of the uterus, near or over the cervix, which can block the birth canal and lead to vaginal bleeding before delivery. That description matches placenta previa because the placenta is in an abnormal location and can obstruct delivery while causing prebirth bleeding. It’s typically characterized by painless vaginal bleeding in the latter part of pregnancy, with the uterus not being tense or painful.

In contrast, placental abruption involves the placenta tearing away prematurely and usually presents with painful, often heavy bleeding and a tender, rigid uterus, along with possible signs of fetal distress. Preeclampsia and eclampsia are hypertensive disorders of pregnancy marked by high blood pressure, edema, protein in the urine, and sometimes seizures, rather than issues with placental location.