Which obstetric emergency occurs when the placenta separates from the uterine wall before birth?

• A. Placenta previa
• B. Eclampsia
• C. Abruptio placentae
• D. Preeclampsia

Answer: (C)

Abruptio placentae is when the placenta detaches from the uterine wall before the baby is born. This is an obstetric emergency because it can cause significant maternal bleeding and can deprive the fetus of oxygen, leading to fetal distress or death. Patients often have painful vaginal bleeding with a tender, possibly rigid uterus and frequent contractions. This presentation helps distinguish it from placenta previa, which typically causes painless bleeding due to placenta covering the cervix. Hypertensive disorders like preeclampsia and eclampsia involve high blood pressure and neurologic symptoms, not placental separation. In management, focus on rapid stabilization, high-flow oxygen, secure IV access, continuous maternal and fetal monitoring, and urgent transport for obstetric evaluation and delivery as indicated.